Application of triple bottom line concept to artisanal and small-scale mining activities in Wa East District, Ghana

<p align="justify">The artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector offers a supplementary livelihood strategy to agriculture in northern Ghana, acting as source of capital support agriculture. However, the has been associated with several adverse environmental socio-economic consequences, making its sustainability dimensions extremely complex inconclusive across literature. This study sought investigate dynamics ASM operations line Triple Bottom Line concept. Specifically, paper explored influence law institutional framework on operations, examined relationship between economic benefits other activities, assessed effects host communities. The research design was mixed method cross-sectional survey. Household questionnaires, semi-structured interviews non-participant observation were main primary data collection techniques. Secondary provided by satellite images sourced from USGS Earth Explorer. They analysed determine land cover types. results indicate that relevant regulatory state institutions lag behind their enforcement duty. is lucrative job provides quick income youth. activities affect food crop farming decrease quantity quality vegetation causing variations cover. Consequently, communities cooperatives have employed some reclamation strategies. recommends increased government constantly monitor sanitize sector. To eradicate illegal mining, advocates for multi-stakeholder consultation action.</p>